Characteristics of plastics
TABLE OF PROPERTIES OF SELECTED PLASTICS
|
Plastic |
Density (g/cm3) |
Tensile strength (N/mm2) |
E-modulus (N/mm2) |
Notch toughness Charpy (KJ/m2, 23 °C) |
Shape stability - HDT 1.8 Mpa (°C) |
Heat resistance (°C) max. short-term |
Heat resistance (°C) max. permanent |
Heat resistance (°C) min. permanent |
Moisture content at saturation % |
|
LDPE |
0.914-0.939 |
8-23 |
150-800 |
Without fracture |
≈ 35 |
80-90 |
60-75 |
-50 |
<0.05 |
|
HDPE |
0.94-0.966 |
20-35 |
800-1,400 |
5-without fracture |
35-50 |
90-110 |
70-90 |
-50 |
<0.05 |
|
LLD PE |
≈ 0.935 |
20-30 |
300-700 |
≈40 |
<0.05 |
||||
|
EVA |
0.92-0.95 |
10-20 |
30-120 |
Without fracture |
≈34 |
65-75 |
55-65 |
-50 |
0.15-0.13 |
|
IM |
0.94-0.95 |
7-8 |
150-200 |
120 |
100 |
-50 |
<0.05 |
||
|
PP homop. |
0.89-0.912 |
20-37 |
500-1,800 |
3-20 |
50-70 |
100-140 |
90-100 |
0 to -30 |
0.03 |
|
PP random. copolymer |
0.89-0.90 |
18-30 |
600-1,200 |
4-25 |
45-55 |
90-130 |
80-90 |
<0.1 |
|
|
PP copolymer |
0.895-0.965 |
20-30 |
800-1,300 |
4-25 |
45-55 |
90-130 |
80-90 |
10 to -35 |
<0.1 |
|
PP+EPDM |
0.89-0.92 |
10-25 |
500-1,200 |
5-30 |
40-55 |
80-90 |
70-80 |
<0.1 |
|
|
PP+20 % of talc |
1.04-1.66 |
32-38 |
2,200-2,800 |
3-3.5 |
60-80 |
90-130 |
80-100 |
<0.1 |
|
|
PP+40 % of talc |
1.21-1.24 |
30-35 |
3,500-4,500 |
3.5 |
70-90 |
100-140 |
90-110 |
<0.1 |
|
|
PP+30 % of glass |
1.21-1.14 |
5,200-6,000 |
5-7 |
90-115 |
100-140 |
90-110 |
<0.1 |
||
|
PS |
1.04-1.05 |
45-65 |
3,100-3,300 |
2-3 |
65-85 |
60-90 |
50-80 |
-10 |
<0.1 |
|
S/B |
1.03-1.05 |
25-45 |
2,000-2,800 |
4-13 |
72-87 |
60-85 |
50-75 |
-20 |
<0.1 |
|
SAN |
1.7-1.8 |
70-84 |
352.5-3.000-3,900 |
3-3.5 |
15-100 |
90-95 |
85-95 |
-20 |
0.1-0.2 |
|
SAN+35 % of glass |
1.35-1.36 |
80-90 |
10,000-12,000 |
2.5-3.0 |
100-105 |
95-105 |
90-100 |
<0.1 |
|
|
ABS |
1.02-1.09 |
45-65 |
220-3,000 |
5-20 |
95-105 |
85-100 |
75-85 |
-40 |
0.3-0.5 |
|
ABS-HI |
1.03-1.07 |
30-45 |
1,900-2,500 |
6-25 |
90-100 |
80-95 |
70-80 |
0.3-0.5 |
|
|
SAN+20 % of glass |
1.18-1.19 |
50-70 |
6,000 |
4-15 |
100-110 |
90-110 |
80-90 |
0.3 |
|
|
ABS+PC |
1.08-1.17 |
40-60 |
2,000-2,600 |
25-35 |
90-110 |
125-130 |
80-90 |
0.2 |
|
|
ASA |
1.07 |
40-55 |
2,300-2,900 |
4-20 |
95-105 |
85-95 |
70-95 |
-40 |
0.35 |
|
PMMA |
1.15-1.20 |
38-75 |
2,700-3,200 |
2 |
75-105 |
85-105 |
65-90 |
-40 |
0.6 |
|
PP homop. |
1.40-1.42 |
60-75 |
3,000-3,200 |
4-10 |
105-115 |
110-140 |
90-110 |
-60 |
0.2-0.3 |
|
POM-HI |
1.34-1.39 |
35-55 |
1,400-2,500 |
6-12 |
65-85 |
105-130 |
85-100 |
0.9 |
|
|
POM+25 % of glass |
1.58 |
120-140 |
9,100 |
4-5 |
155-160 |
150 |
100-120 |
0.15 |
|
|
PA6 |
1.13-1.15 |
40-65 |
900-1,700 |
30-without fracture |
55-80 |
140-170 |
80-110 |
-30 |
2.15-3.4 * |
|
PA6+30 % of glass |
1.35 |
95-125 |
6,000-7,000 |
15-20 |
190-215 |
170-190 |
90-120 |
1.4-2.0 * |
|
|
PA6+30 % of mineral |
1.36 |
65-80 |
2,800-3,000 |
5-14 |
90-130 |
140-160 |
80-120 |
1.6-2.2 * |
|
|
PA6.6 |
1.12-1.14 |
55-70 |
1,200-2,500 |
15-25 |
70-100 |
170-200 |
80-120 |
-30 |
2.6-3 * |
|
PA6.6+30 % of glass |
1.35 |
140 |
7,000-7,500 |
10-18 |
245-256 |
170-240 |
100-140 |
1.0-1.7 * |
|
|
PA6.6+0 % of mineral |
1.48 |
65 |
3,100 |
3-5 |
120-150 |
170-210 |
80-130 |
1.1-1.9 * |
|
|
PA610 |
1.06-1.08 |
45-55 |
1,300-1,600 |
13-15 |
60 |
140-160 |
80-100 |
1.2-1.6 * |
|
|
PA11 |
1.02-1.04 |
42 |
1,100-1,200 |
30-40 |
40-70 |
140-150 |
70-80 |
-70 |
0.8-1.2 * |
|
PA12 |
1.01-1.02 |
38-46 |
1,200-1,350 |
16-20 |
40-50 |
140-150 |
70-80 |
-70 |
0.7-1.1 * |
|
PA6-3-T(arom.PA) |
1.12 |
85-110 |
2,800-3,000 |
4-15 |
12 |
130-140 |
80-100 |
-70 |
2.8-3.0 * |
|
PC |
1.20 |
55-65 |
2,300-2,400 |
20-35 |
135-140 |
135 |
100-130 |
-100 |
0.15 |
|
PC+30 % of glass |
1.42-1.44 |
70-130 |
5,500-5,800 |
6 |
145-150 |
140-145 |
120-140 |
0.11-0.15 |
|
|
PC+PBT |
1.2-1.26 |
50-60 |
2,300 |
40-45 |
80 |
140-150 |
115-130 |
0.15 |
|
|
PBT |
1.30-1.32 |
50-60 |
2,500-2,800 |
3-5 |
70 |
160-170 |
100-120 |
-30 |
0.25 |
|
PBT+30 % of glass |
1.52-1.55 |
120-150 |
1,500-11,000 |
8-10 |
210 |
170-200 |
101-120 |
0.1-0.15 |
|
|
PPO+S/B |
1.04-1.06 |
45-65 |
1,900-2,700 |
12-15 |
100-130 |
140 |
80-110 |
-30 |
<0.1 |
|
PPO+S/B+30 % of glass |
1.26-1.29 |
50-70 |
8,000-9,000 |
10-13 |
145 |
85-115 |
<0.1 |
The values relate to conditioned bodies
TABLE OF PROCESSING PROPERTIES
|
Plastic |
Drying (°C/hour) |
Processing temperature (°C) |
Tool temperature (°C) |
Shrinkage (%) |
Note |
|
LD PE |
- |
160-270 |
20-60 |
1.5-5 |
|
|
HD PE |
- |
200-300 |
10-60 |
1.5-3 |
Higher holding pressure can be used to prevent drag-ins, e.g.: choose a medium speed |
|
EVA |
- |
130-240 |
10-50 |
0.8-2.2 |
|
|
PP |
- |
220-300 |
20-90 |
1.0-2.5 |
High injection pressure and holding pressure for the worm speed can be used. |
|
PP+40 % of talc |
80-100/0.5-1 |
220-280 |
20-60 |
0.4-1.6 |
|
|
PP+30 % of glass |
80-100/0.5-1 |
220-300 |
20-70 |
0.3-1.2 |
|
|
PS |
70-80/1-2 |
170-280 |
5-80 |
0.4-0.7 |
Low tool temperature and high injection speed lead to internal stress |
|
S/B |
60-80/1-2 |
190-280 |
5-80 |
0.4-0.7 |
|
|
ABS |
70-85/2-4 |
200-260 |
60-90 |
0.3-0.7 |
Too fast injection pressure and low processing temperature can lead to internal stress. Higher tool temperature gives a higher gloss. |
|
ASA |
70-85/2-4 |
220-260 |
50-85 |
0.4-0.7 |
|
|
PMMA |
65-80/6-8 |
190-290 |
50-80 |
0.3-0.8 |
The material leaks badly, therefore choose high pressures. Beware of internal stresses that will be released during painting and crack the surface |
|
POM |
80-100/0.5-1 |
180-230 |
60-120 |
1.5-3.0 |
Too much pressure and holding pressure cause high internal stress. When changing to another material, the chamber must be repainted with PE. Pay attention to the decomposition temperature of POM; in any case, do not exceed 230 °C |
|
POM+25% of glass |
80-100/0.5-1 |
180-230 |
60-120 |
0.3-1.8 |
|
|
SAN |
85/2-4 |
200-260 |
50-80 |
0.4-0.7 |
|
|
PA6 |
80/8-15 |
240-290 |
40-120 |
0.8-2.5 |
Do not let the holding pressure have effect for a long time. Perfect drying of PA and tool temperature of at least 40 °C are absolutely necessary. Raising the internal temperature does not affect the PA flow into the tool. Use of a shut-off nozzle (oxygen degrades PA) |
|
PA6+30 % of glass |
80-90/6-15 |
240-290 |
60-120 |
0.2-1.2 |
|
|
PA6+30 % of mineral |
80-90/4-15 |
260-290 |
60-100 |
0.5-1.2 |
|
|
PA6.6 |
80/8-15 |
260-300 |
40-120 |
0.8-2.5 |
|
|
PA6.6+30 % of glass |
80-90/6-15 |
260-300 |
60-120 |
0.2-3.1 |
|
|
PA6.6+40 % of mineral |
80-90/4-15 |
280-300 |
60-120 |
1.3-1.6 |
|
|
PA610 |
80/8-15 |
230-290 |
40-120 |
0.8-2.0 |
|
|
PA11 |
70/4-6 |
200-270 |
40-80 |
0.6-2.1 |
|
|
PA12 |
100/4 |
190-270 |
20-100 |
1.0-2.0 |
|
|
PA6-3-T (aromatic) |
80-90/10 |
250-320 |
50-80 |
0.5-0.6 |
|
|
PC |
110-120/4 |
270-320 |
80-120 |
0.6-0.7 |
Unconditionally comply with the drying parameters. To reduce the level of internal stress, choose the hottest possible tool. Flush the PE when the machine is shut down. Additional shrinkage is low. |
|
PC+30 % of glass |
110-120/4 |
300-330 |
100-130 |
0.2-0.5 |
|
|
PBT |
120/3-8 |
230-280 |
50-110 |
1-2.2 |
Observe the drying conditions, choose the highest possible tool temperature. Select the maximum tool temperature for optimum surface finish. |
|
PBT+30 % of glass |
120/3-8 |
240-280 |
50-100 |
0.4-1.6 |
|
|
PPO+PS |
100/2 |
260-310 |
40-110 |
0.5-0.8 |
The presence of PS leads to greater internal stress |
|
PPS |
Not necessary in the case of hydrophilic filler. 150/3-4 |
320-380 |
20-200 |
At tool temperatures below 120 °C, injections are smooth and shiny; at 40 °C, they have optimum strength |
|
|
PES |
160/5 |
320-390 |
100-190 |
0.2-0.5 |
|
|
PEK |
150/3 |
360-420 |
120-160 |
≈1 |
|
|
PSU |
120/5 |
340-390 |
100-160 |
0.6-0.8 |
|
|
PC/ABS |
100-120/2-4 |
230-280 |
70-100 |
0.5-0.7 |
|
|
PC/ASA |
100-110/2-4 |
240-280 |
80 |
0.2-0.5 |
|
|
PC/PBT |
110-115/3-4 |
260-280 |
60-70 |
0.8-1 |
|
|
TPE |
120/3-4 |
170-250 |
50-80 |
0.3-1.4 |